Karen Kent Frederick is a senior security engineer for the Rapid Response Team at NFR Security. She holds a bachelor's degree in computer science from the University of Wisconsin-Parkside and a master's in computer science from the University of Idaho. Karen has more than 10 years of experience in various areas of IT, particularly system administration and information security. She holds four SANS GIAC certifications and also has the CCSA and MCSE + Internet certifications. Karen is one of the authors of Intrusion Signatures and Analysis (New Riders) and is a contributing author to the Handbook of Computer Crime Investigation (Academic Press). She also frequently writes on intrusion detection-related topics for SecurityFocus.com.